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سلسلة تصحيح المفاهيم من موقع نحو دوت كوم – الحلقة الأولى | مدونة نحو دوت كوم
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السبت , أبريل 20 2024
الرئيسية / قضايا نحويَّة / سلسلة تصحيح المفاهيم من موقع نحو دوت كوم – الحلقة الأولى

سلسلة تصحيح المفاهيم من موقع نحو دوت كوم – الحلقة الأولى

تصحيح المفاهيم
خطأ يقع فيه ربَّما جميع معلِّمي اللغة العربيَّة

    في درس (جزم المضارع في جواب الطلب ) وردت قاعدة في الكتاب المدرسيِّ، وفي الكتب الخارجيَّة مفادها أنَّه (يُشترَط لجزم المضارع في جواب الطلب [النهي ] أن يدلَّ الجواب على شيء محمود ) ، ويسوقون على ذلك دليلا جملة: لا تقترب من الماء تغرق؛ فبما أنَّ الغرق أمرٌ غير محمود؛ فلذا الفعل مرفوع وليس مجزومًا.
    والحقيقة أنَّ الفعل مرفوع فعلا، ولكن ليس لذلك علاقة بكون الجواب يدلُّ على شيءٍ محمودٍ أو غير محمود، ولكنَّ المضارع في الجملة مرفوع لسببٍ آخر، والدليل أنَّنا لو قلنا: لا تبتعد عن الماء تغرق؛ فإنَّ (تغرق ) فعل مضارع مجزوم، رغم أنَّه يدلُّ أيضًا على شيء غير محمود.
    ولكنَّ الحقيقة التي تغيب عن الجميع للأسف أن المضارع في الجملة الأولى مرفوع لا مجزوم، ليس لأنَّه يدلُّ على شيءٍ غير محمودٍ، وإنَّما هو مرفوع بكلِّ بساطة لأنَّ الجواب لا يترتَّب على الطلب.
ما معنى ذلك؟
في الجملة الأولى: الطلب هو: عدم الاقتراب من الماء، والجواب هو: الغرق، والغرق لا يمكن أن يترتَّب على عدم الاقتراب من الماء؛ فأنت إذا كنت (لن تقترب ) من الماء، فكيف ستغرق إذن؟!!
بعكس الجملة الثانية:
فالطلب فيها هو: عدم الابتعاد عن الماء، والجواب هو: الغرق، والغرق يترتَّب على البقاء في الماء وعدم الابتعاد عنه؛ لذا فهو مجزوم.
وللإيضاح أكثر:
- لا تهمل في عملك تندمُ.
الندم لا يمكن أن يترتَّب على (عدم ) الإهمال؛ لذا فالمضارع مرفوع.
- لا تخلص في عملك تندمْ.
(الندم ) مترتِّب على (عدم ) الإخلاص في العمل؛ لذا فهو مجزوم في جواب الطلب.
    إذن؛ فليس الأمر متعلِّقًا بدلالة الجواب بعد النهي على أمرٍ محمودٍ أو مذموم، وإنَّما بترتُّب الجواب على الطلب.
ملاحظة: كما تفضَّل الإخوة بالتوضيح:
فإنَّه – لفكِّ الاشتباك – بين جزم المضارع في جواب الطلب ورفعه، يُفّضَّل تقدير أداة شرطٍ في بداية الجملة؛ فإن صحَّ المعنى؛ فالفعل مجزوم، وإن لم يصحّ المعنى؛ فالفعل مرفوع.
1 – فبالنسبة للجملة الأولى: لا تقترب من الماء تغرق.
    بتقدير أداة شرطٍ في بداية الجملة: إن لا تقترب من الماء تغرق، والمعنى هنا لا يستقيم؛ ممَّا يعني أنَّ الفعل – رغم وقوعه في جواب الطلب – مرفوع.
- بينما: لا تبتعد عن الماء تغرق، وبتقدير أداة شرط: إن لا تبتعد عن الماء تغرق، فالمعنى مستقيم؛ والفعل – إذن – مجزوم في جواب الطلب.
2 – وبالنسبة للجملة الثانية: لا تهمل في عملك تندم.
- لا يستقيم المعنى إذا قلنا: إن لا تهمل في عملك تندم؛ فالمضارع (تندم ) مرفوع.
- بينما: لا تخلص في عملك تندم، يستقيم المعنى إذا قلنا: إن لا تخلص في عملك تندم؛ فالفعل – إذن – مجزوم.
تحيَّاتي

ملاحظة:

يمكنكم قراءة المقال من خلال حسابنا على موقع فيس بوك .. من خلال الرَّابط التَّالي:

https://www.facebook.com/nahw.1com/posts/2002709169983571

عن admin

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4 تعليقات


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  1. 1 – فبالنسبة للجملة الأولى: لا تقترب من الماء تغرق.
    بتقدير أداة شرطٍ في بداية الجملة: إن لا تقترب من الماء تغرق، والمعنى هنا لا يستقيم؛ ممَّا يعني أنَّ الفعل – رغم وقوعه في جواب الطلب – مرفوع.
    اريد توضيح هذه النقطة


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    رد
  2. هل من الممكن تسجيل هذه الدورس فيديو


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    رد
  3. مدحت الاسيوطي

    مشكور صاحب الموقع لهذا المجهود الكبير


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    رد
  4. دورس مفيدة جدا مشكور وجزاك الله خيرا


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    رد

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أضف تعليق
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